Explanation of input

Chromosome number

In order to save search time, we need you to give a set of markers all from the same chromosome and provide us with the number for that chromosome (enter 23 or X for the X chromosome).

Minimum recombinations

We form a framework map using the input markers, where adjacent markers on this map are separated by at least one (or two) observed recombination events. By choosing 1, a longer framework map will be produced, but there will be a greater chance that some of the markers are not in the correct order. By choosing 2, fewer markers are placed on the framework map, but the markers are ordered with greater reliability.

Weight by heterozygosity?

When forming the framework map, we may either weight the markers according to their heterozygosity, using weights of the form -log(1-het), and finding the framework map where the sum of the weights is maximized, or, alternatively, we may give equal weight to all markers, and then find the framework map with the largest number of markers. Choose Yes to weight the markers according to their heterozygosity, or No to weight the markers equally.

Note: The form of the weights, w(het) = -log(1-het), was derived assuming that the markers are in Hardy-Weinberk equilibirum and linkage equilibrium. In this case, consider three markers with heterozygosity het1, het2 and het3, where w(het1) + w(het2) = w(het3). Then the chance that an individual is heterozygous for at least one of the first two markers is equal to the chance that he or she is heterozygous for the third marker.

Marker names

Enter the markers either as probe names (such as AFMa127zc9) or locus name (such as D1S2644). The search is not case-sensitive. The markers should all be on the same chromosome.

The output will contain a list of markers which were not found, as well as a list of markers which have been identified as “cryptic duplicates,” corresponding to the same locus as another marker on the map, but with different PCR primers.